Predictive value of mid-trimester amniotic fluid high-sensitive C-reactive protein, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase for fetal growth restriction

BACKGROUND: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is surprisingly common with placental dysfunction occurring in about 3% of pregnancies and despite advances in obstetric care, FGR remains a major problem in developed countries.

AIM: The purpose of this study is to find out the predictive value of amniotic fluid high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ferritin , and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for FGR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective strategy of this study has been conducted on pregnant women who underwent genetic amniocentesis between 15th and 20th weeks of gestation. All patients were followed up on until delivery. Patients with abnormal karyotype and iatrogenic preterm delivery for fetal and maternal indications were excluded. The samples were immediately sent to laboratory for cytogenetic and biochemical examination. Non-parametric tests and receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis were used for statistical purpose.

RESULTS: A significant correlation between incremental amniotic fluid alpha fetoprotein (alphaFPr) and LDH levels and FGR at gestational weeks 15th-20th was found out. We also found an optimum cut-off value> 140 IU/L for the amniotic fluid LDH concentration with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 82.4% for the prediction of FGR.

CONCLUSION: Once the LDH value is confirmed, it could serve as a prediction factor for FGR at the time of genetic amniocentesis at gestational weeks 15-20.

Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009 Oct-Dec;52(4):498-500.

Predictive value of mid-trimester amniotic fluid high-sensitive C-reactive protein, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase for fetal growth restriction.
Borna S, Abdollahi A, Mirzaei F.

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tehran University/ Medical of Science, Iran

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as a prognostic factor for the patients with advanced gastric cancer

Background: Though serum LDH level is frequently elevated in the patients with advanced gastric cancer, its clinical significance is still elusive. Moreover, the relationship between the change of serum LDH level after chemotherapy and the response to the treatment has not been studied, yet. We analyzed serum LDH level as a prognostic factor for the patients with advanced stomach cancer.

Methods: We assessed serum LDH level before chemotherapy for the patients who were planned to receive palliative chemotherapy. We re-assessed their serum LDH level at the time when the response to chemotherapy was evaluated after 2–4 cycles of treatment. The survival duration and the response to chemotherapy for the patients with low serum LDH level were compared to the survival duration and the response to chemotherapy for the patients with high serum LDH level. The relationship between the change of serum LDH level and the response to the treatment was evaluated, too. Results: Total 118 patients were entered into this study and 114 patients were evaluable for their response to chemotherapy.

Pre-treatment serum LDH level was normal in 88 patients and elevated in 30 patients. The response rate in the patients with high serum LDH level was significantly higher than the response rate in the patients with normal serum LDH level (34.5% versus 15.3%, p < 0.05). However, the patients with normal serum LDH level lived longer than the patients with high serum LDH level (median: 378 days versus 206 days, p < 0.001). The normalizing of the elevated serum LDH level after chemotherapy was related to the good response to treatment (response rate 50.0% versus 18.8%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions: For the patients with advanced gastric cancer, high serum LDH level was related to better response to chemotherapy but shorter survival duration. The normalization of elevated serum LDH level after chemotherapy was related to good response to treatment.

H. Lee, Y. Yuh and S. Kim
Sanggyepaik Hospital, seoul, Republic of Korea
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition).
Vol 27, No 15S (May 20 Supplement), 2009: e15621

Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in skeletal muscles are normal or tend to be elevated; on exercise, these levels increase more rapidly than in individuals without COPD. As it is likely that concentrations of LDH isozymes LDH(4) and LDH(5) are elevated in such patients, we measured those isozymes in peripheral muscle of patients with COPD.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with COPD and 10 healthy nonsmokers were included in the study. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test were performed, and a biopsy of the quadriceps muscle was taken to measure levels of both total LDH and LDH isozymes by agarose gel electrophoresis and to classify the types of muscle fibers.

RESULTS: Controls and patients had similar concentrations of total LDH (mean [SE], 130 [30]micromol/min/g vs 152 [50]micromol/min/g, respectively) and LDH isozymes. A subgroup of 5 patients showed increased levels of isozymes LDH(1), LDH(2), and LDH(3), with decreased LDH(5) levels; these patients were women and had a lower oxygen saturation. The LDH(5) level was directly correlated with the 6-minute walk test and oxygen saturation. The percentage of type IIA fibers correlated directly with LDH(3) and LDH(4) concentrations whereas type IIX fibers were inversely correlated with LDH(3) concentration.

CONCLUSION: Measurement of LDH isozyme concentrations enabled a subgroup of patients to be identified with a higher concentration of cardiac isoenzymes and lower concentration of muscle isoenzymes, a situation which might indicate adaptation that favors aerobic metabolism.

Sección de Adaptación Muscular, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela

Multipurpose peptide tags for protein isolation

A multifunctional peptide tag (HYDHYD) consisting of histidine, tyrosine and aspartate residues was fused to the N-terminal ends of green fluorescent protein (GFP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and "http://www.leebio.com/products.php?search=hemoglobin">human hemoglobin (Hb), proteins which were subjected to ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), aqueous two-phase system partition, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Tagged GFP was retained significantly longer (>1 column volume) in both HIC and IEC. It exhibited 3× greater partition in favor of the hydrophobic phase in a two-phase system and 96% could be bound to an IMAC column which did not bind native GFP.

ARTICLE

Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and glycolysis significantly correlate with tumor VEGFA

Objectives: In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between biomarkers of tumor hypoxia, glycolysis and angiogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that intratumoral gene expression of the hypoxia response (hypoxia inducible factor [HIF1alpha and 2alpha]), glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase A [LDHA]), glucose metabolism (glucose transporter-1 [Glut-1]) and genes involved in angiogenesis (i.e., VEGFA , VEGFR1-3 , and neuropilin [NRP]1) are upregulated in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Patients and methods: 78 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples were collected from 36 patients with mCRC. Tumor gene expression was correlated with serum Lactate Dehydrogenase LDH levels from the same group of patients. FFPE tissues were dissected using laser-captured microdissection and analyzed for gene expression using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method.

Results: Intratumoral gene expression of VEGFA and VEGFR1 showed a statistically significant correlation with serum Lactate dehydrogenase LDH levels (p = 0.006, r = 0.45 and p = 0.004, r = 0.50, respectively). Intratumoral expression of LDHA gene showed a significant correlation with Glut-1, VEGF, HIF1alpha, HIF2alpha and VEGFR1 (p = 0.007, r = 0.44; p < 0.001, r = 0.57; p = 0.013, r = 0.41; p = 0.044, r = 0.34; p = 0.026, r = 0.40). Serum LDH levels also correlated with microvessel density analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant correlation between the intratumoral gene expression of LDHA , HIF1alpha , HIF2alpha, Glut-1, NRP1, VEGFA and VEGFR1. Patients with high serum Lactate dehydrogenase LDH have increased intratumoral gene expression of VEGFA and VEGFR1. The results also support the hypothesis that serum LDH levels may serve as a surrogate marker for activation of the HIF-related genes in the tumor.

University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Pharmacogenomics. 2007 Dec;8(12):1705-1713

Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity as a biomarker in children with sickle cell disease

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were studied in children with HbSS and HbSC in a single institution, and their relationship to cerebral vasculopathy as assessed by transcranial Doppler scanning (TCD). All children with HbSS (n = 97) and HbSC (n = 18) who underwent a TCD scan in 2006 were studied. Lactate dehydrogenaseLDH levels were higher in HbSS patients than HbSC (581 IU/l vs. 305 IU/l, P < 0.001). In children with HbSS, LDH correlated significantly with haemoglobin , reticulocytes, aspartate transaminase and creatinine. lactate dehydrogenase LDH also correlated positively and significantly with TCD measurements in the middle and anterior cerebral artery circulations in the children with HbSS.

PMID: 18028483 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Br J Haematol. 2007 Nov 19
Department of Paediatric Haematology, King’s College School of Medicine, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.

Lactate dehydrogenase

Human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes are primarily used by cells in specific tissue. Human LDH Isoenzymes, also known as lactic dehydrogenase, are responsible for converting muscle lactic acid into pyruvic acid, an essential step in producing cellular energy.

When injury occurs, cells containing specific LDH isoenzymes are released in the bloodstream. Analyzing specific LDH isoenzyme ratios helps identify certain patterns in order to aid in the diagnosis of disease such as heart attack, lung injury, lung disease, liver or muscle disease, advanced cancers and autoimmune diseases.

Human lactate dehydrogenase LD(LDH) isoenzyme elevation associations:

Human LD1 isoenzyme : germ cell tumors
Human LD1> LD2 isoenzyme : renal or myocardial infarction, megaloblastic anemia, hemolysis
Human LD3 isoenzyme : platelet destruction, reactive, lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, lymphocytosis, pulmonary infarction, pneumonia, advanced cancer, acute pancreatitis
Human LD4 isoenyzme various solid tumors
Human LD5 isoenzyme : primary liver disease, liver anoxia, muscle injury or dystrophy; All forms: renal disease, carcinomatosis, collagen vascular vascular disease, overwhelming sepsis, DIC

Used in General Chemistry Controls by IVD Clinical diagnostic Manufactures such as Lee Biosolutions also offers animal source lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate Dehydrogenase is available as Rabbit LDH Lactate dehydrogenase, chicken LDH lactate dehydrogenase, porcine LDH lactate dehydrogenase and bovine LDH lactate dehydrogenase.